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The Most Common Eye Disorders - Dr William Boothe
The four most common eye disorders, or 'refractive errors', are nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism and presbyopia. They are not diseases, but simply minor flaws in the construction of the eye.
The human eye attains its adult size and shape when a person reaches his or her twenties. At that point, nearsightedness, astigmatism, and farsightedness usually stabilize.
Nearsightedness, known scientifically as myopia, means that a person sees nearby objects more clearly than distant objects. It does not mean that a myopic person has excellent near vision and poor distance vision. Extremely nearsighted people do not see anything clearly. In the normal eye, parallel rays of light passing through the cornea bend slightly and then bend again as they penetrate the lens to focus on a small, single spot on the retina.
In the nearsighted eye, a steeply curved cornea or an elongated eyeball, or both, focus rays of light before they reach the retina. From this focal point the light rays begin to diverge. By the time light reaches the retina, the image is blurred.